Good day,
I have a few enquiries here.
1. What does it mean if there is negative outer loading? For your information, all the indicators that have negative loading in my reflective model are those with reverse question which I have recode them during data entry in SPSS or have negative relationship.
2. Someone said there is no negative loading in reflective model in SEM-PLS. Can anyone clarify on this matter?
3. Is it necessary to report R square? Besides, what should we report for pls algo, bootstrapping, mediation and MGA?
Thank you in advance.
SEM-PLS Result Interpretation
- cringle
- SmartPLS Developer
- Posts: 818
- Joined: Tue Sep 20, 2005 9:13 am
- Real name and title: Prof. Dr. Christian M. Ringle
- Location: Hamburg (Germany)
- Contact:
Re: SEM-PLS Result Interpretation
You may want to take look at the books on PLS-SEM: www.pls-sem.com
@1: Outer loadings are the correlation between the indicator and the latent variable. The results can be negative but you may to not like this. In that case, you may consider recoding the indicator.
@2: see 1; sure, loadings can be negative but usually this is not desired in PLS-SEM
@3: Sure! Why don't you take a look at this article for a start: Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433.
You find it here amongst other literature:
- List of articles in the PDF: http://info.smartpls.com/lit_list.pdf
- Endnote File with embedded PDFs: http://info.smartpls.com/lit_endnote.zip
- PDFs: http://info.smartpls.com/lit_pdf.zip
Best regards
Christian
@1: Outer loadings are the correlation between the indicator and the latent variable. The results can be negative but you may to not like this. In that case, you may consider recoding the indicator.
@2: see 1; sure, loadings can be negative but usually this is not desired in PLS-SEM
@3: Sure! Why don't you take a look at this article for a start: Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433.
You find it here amongst other literature:
- List of articles in the PDF: http://info.smartpls.com/lit_list.pdf
- Endnote File with embedded PDFs: http://info.smartpls.com/lit_endnote.zip
- PDFs: http://info.smartpls.com/lit_pdf.zip
Best regards
Christian
Prof. Dr. Christian M. Ringle, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), SmartPLS
- Literature on PLS-SEM: https://www.smartpls.com/documentation
- Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.de/citations?use ... AAAJ&hl=de
- Literature on PLS-SEM: https://www.smartpls.com/documentation
- Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.de/citations?use ... AAAJ&hl=de