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The binary variable approach is one possibility, but as you say it has the downside of only estimating changes relative to the reference group. In such a situation, the "direct" simple effect is the effect in the reference group and the interaction effects are the changes in the effect whe...

There is unfortunately no easy answer to this question. We know from the literature that models that fit well, do not necessarily need to predict well. In fact, models that fit well can often predict more poorly than models that do not fit so well. This is the problem of overfitting, where the model...

You can find some basic information and useful further readings on our resource web pages:
https://www.smartpls.com/documentation/ ... istent-pls

Well, I think you may need to be careful with the way you formulate this. I think the criteria relatively clearly point to a two segment solution and thus potential unobserved heterogeneity. However, your sample size (overall) and particularly for the second segment may not be large enough to furthe...

No sample size does not affect the outer loadings, but a sample of just 16 observations might not be enough to reliably identify the coefficients because there is too much uncertainty about the estimates.

Please write to the technical customer support: https://support.smartpls.com/

For exogenous LVs (those without incoming paths) like your PU there is no R² to calculate because there are no predictors.

I don't know what you are displaying on the paths, but maybe looking into the more detailed result report will help you.

In SmartPLS you can use the Gaussian copula approach to address endogeneity concerns: https://www.smartpls.com/documentation/algorithms-and-techniques/gaussian-copula/ A further interesting research is also Hult, G. T. M., Hair, J. F., Proksch, D., Sarstedt, M., Pinkwart, A., and Ringle, C. M. (2018...

First, SmartPLS offers different types of algorithms: PLS, PLSc, CB-SEM, Regression, etc. Even though the PLS algorithm is the most prominent (and has given the software the name), you can also do CB-SEM (like in AMOS). Second, the question about whether you want to use CB-SEM or PLS is not about sa...

The is an information page about this on the SmartPLS website: https://www.smartpls.com/faq/documentat ... -problems/

Fornell Larker criterion is outdated and most reviewers will request HTMT criterion to assess discriminant validity.

With technical issues it is best to contact the SmartPLS support: https://www.smartpls.com/support

But you should provide some more information on the problem so that they can help you.

Please contact our technical support: https://www.smartpls.com/support

If you follow the disjoint two-stage approach that is nowadays usually recommended there are no problems with manual calculation. If you choose to follow some repeated-indicator approach, you have to do it manually. Becker, J.-M., Cheah, J.-H., Gholamzade, R., Ringle, C.M. and Sarstedt, M. (2023), &...

The metric is only useful if you have a complementary mediation. Only if the total effect is always larger than the indirect effect, it will give a proportion. This is only the case if the direct effect equals indirect effect in sign (for all bootstrap samples). Example: direct indirect total indire...